Fluo-4, AM, cell permeant
Fluo-4, AM, cell permeant
Invitrogen™

Fluo-4, AM, cell permeant

Labeled calcium indicators are molecules that exhibit an increase in fluorescence upon binding Ca2+. Fluo-3 has been used to imageRead more
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Catalog number F14201
Price (USD)
376.00
Each
Add to cart
Price (USD)
376.00
Each
Add to cart

Labeled calcium indicators are molecules that exhibit an increase in fluorescence upon binding Ca2+. Fluo-3 has been used to image the spatial dynamics of Ca2+ signaling, in flow cytometry experiments involving photoactivation of caged chelators, second messengers, and neurotransmitters, and for cell-based pharmacological screening. Fluo-4 is an analog of fluo-3 with the two chlorine substituents replaced by fluorines, which results in increased fluorescence excitation at 488 nm and consequently higher fluorescence signal levels. Cells may be loaded with the AM ester forms of these calcium indicators by adding the dissolved indicator directly to dishes containing cultured cells. These indicators are useful for fluorescence and confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and microplate screening applications.

Learn more about ion indicators including calcium, potassium, pH, and membrane potential indicators ›

Calcium Indicator (AM Ester) Specifications:
• Label (Ex/Em of Ca2+–bound form): Fluo-4 (494/506 nm)
• Fluorescence intensity increase upon binding Ca2+: >100 fold
• Kd for Ca2+ in buffer: ∼335 nM
• Exhibit fluorescence increase upon binding Ca2+ with little shift in wavelength

Using TPEN to Control Heavy Metal Cations
In addition, BAPTA-based indicators such as these bind various heavy metal cations (e.g., Mn2+, Zn2+, Pb2+) with substantially higher affinity than Ca2+. Perturbations to calcium measurements caused by presence of these ions can be controlled using the heavy metal-selective chelator TPEN.

More Choices for Fluorescent Calcium Indicators
We offer a large selection of Molecular Probes™ calcium indicators for use in various experimental scenarios. For more information, review Fluorescent Ca2+ Indicators Excited with Visible Light—Section 19.3 in the Molecular Probes™ Handbook.

For UV-excitable Ca2+ indicators, protein-based Ca2+ indicators, conjugates of Ca2+ indicators, and for fluorescence-based indicators of other metal ions (i.e., Mg2+, Zn2+) review Indicators for Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Other Metal Ions—Chapter 19 in the Molecular Probes™ Handbook.

In reduced state, the excitation and emission maxima of BODIPY™ 581/591 undecanoic acid is 581/591 nm; after oxidation, the probe shifts the excitation and emission to 488/510 nm.

We recommend dissolving in high-quality anhydrous DMSO for stock concentrations of 1 to 5 mM.

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures.
Specifications
Detection MethodFluorescence
For Use With (Application)Cell Viability, Cell Proliferation, Cellular Imaging
For Use With (Equipment)Confocal Microscope, Fluorescence Microscope, High Content Analysis Instrument, HTS Reader, Microplate Reader, Fluorescent Imager
Product TypeDye
Dye TypeFluorescent Dye-Based
Quantity10 x 50 μg
Shipping ConditionRoom Temperature
Excitation/Emission494/506 nm
Unit SizeEach
Contents & Storage
Store in freezer (-5°C to -30°C) and protect from light.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs)

Can I fix my cells after loading with Fluo-4 AM dye for the detection of calcium?

No. Since Fluo-4 AM isn't covalently bound to any cellular components and fixation compromises the membrane, the dye would not be retained by the cell.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

I am doing calcium flux imaging with your Fura-2 calibration kit, but am seeing a large variability in ratio in different places around the slide. I am correcting for uniform illumination, using the product as directed, and sealing the coverslip with nail polish.

The nail polish may be the problem. The Kd value (calcium sensitivity) changes depending upon the dye's environment. Nail polish has solvents that can leech under the coverslip and cause variability. We recommend either going without a sealing or sealing with melted paraffin painted on the coverslip edges with a cotton-tipped applicator (paraffin is hydrophobic and has no solvents).

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

I need to label cells with Fluo-4, AM, for a calcium flux assay. How long after labeling will the dye be retained?

After loading dye into the cells, intracellular esterases remove the 'AM' moiety from the dye. When the 'AM' group is removed, the dye is able to bind calcium and fluoresce. Since the dye is not covalently bound to any cellular components, it may be actively effluxed from the cell. The rate of efflux is dependent upon the inherent properties of the cell, culture conditions and other factors. The dye may be retained for hours, days or even weeks or lost in a matter of minutes. The use of Probenecid (Cat. No. P36400) limits loss by active efflux.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.

Why don't I see a significant change in signal for my live-cell fluorescent indicator dye?

Regardless of the type of live-cell indicator dye (e.g., calcium indicators, pH indicator, metal ion indicators), make sure there is no serum during the loading step, which can prematurely cleave dyes with AM esters and bind dyes non-specifically. Always optimize the dye concentration and staining time with a positive control before you run your test samples, to give the best signal-to-background. Always run a positive control with a buffer containing free ions of known concentration and an ionophore to open pores to those ions (for instance, for calcium indicators like Fluo-4 AM, this would include a buffer with added calcium combined with calcimycin, or for pH indicators, buffers of different pHs combined with nigericin). Reactive oxygen indicators, such as CellROX Green or H2DCFDA would require a cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulant as a positive control, such as menadione. Finally, make sure your imaging system has a sensitive detector. Plate readers, for instance, have much lower detector efficiency over background, compared to microscopy or flow cytometry.

Find additional tips, troubleshooting help, and resources within our Cell Analysis Support Center.